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The Peter Burr House is the oldest standing wood frame structure in West Virginia. When the timbers were being hewn, George the Second was King of England. George Washington had recently purchased his first tract of land nearby. Charles Town did not yet exist, and Mecklenburg and Harpers Ferry were fledgling villages clinging to the banks of the Potomac. It was in the late 1740's when Peter Burr I, future uncle of the notorious Aaron Burr, arrived from Fairfield, Connecticut. The Peter Burr House is one of West Virginia's most important historic treasures. Its story spans the period from early settlement, through the birth of our nation and the tragedy of the Civil War, to well into the 20th century. Although it has been listed in the National Register of Historic Places since 1981, the Peter Burr House was almost lost when it passed out of the hands of the Burr family and into those of local government. Deterioration and vandalism took their toll. Then it was acquired by the Jefferson County Historic Landmarks, who began restoring it in 1998. Early restoration efforts focused on stabilizing the building and assessing the scope of the restoration effort. During the current phase of restoration, the Commission is conducting pre-development archeological investigations, repairing the foundation, and making the existing walls and roof weatherproof. Some interior restoration is also underway so that the downstairs rooms can accommodate visitors. Once the exterior of the house has been addressed, the interior will undergo restoration and the outer walls and roof will returned to their early 19th century appearance. The house has many stories to tell, so while the restoration is under way, we are bringing it and the grounds to life by creating The Peter Burr Living History Farm. The Farm, an 8-acre complex, is a work in progress which will show you what it was like to live here in the 1790's, when Peter Burr was still alive. The Farm's reproduction of a mid-18th century barn is almost complete. Public restrooms are being built, and work is underway to provide other needed public services. Interpretative and educational programs, concerts, and many other attractions are being planned for you and your family. We could use your help to preserve the Peter Burr House so that you and future visitors can experience this living piece of history. Why are Peter Burr and His House Important? From the early days of settlement, the area now known as Jefferson County has represented a clash of Northern and Southern values and cultures. Unlike many other local properties of the period, the Peter Burr site is not a plantation but rather the home of a yeoman farmer. As such, it is an extremely rare survival and important example of a way of life that was overshadowed locally by Tidewater culture. Peter Burr II, the son of the man who built the house, lived there until he died in 1793. He was the cousin of Aaron Burr, whose goals and views were frequently at odds with those of George Washington and his supporters. During the American Revolution, Aaron Burr supported Generals Charles Lee and Horatio Gates in their efforts to depose George Washington. (Both generals settled in Jefferson County after being dismissed by George Washington. Gates' home, Travellers Rest, is located near the Peter Burr farm.) Peter Burr's associations with his cousin and with George Washington's cashiered generals further suggest that he did not share the values of the Washington family members who had settled in the area. Interpretation of the Peter Burr Farm will provide a valuable perspective on the origins of Jefferson County and on the themes that would later produce the state of West Virginia. The Peter Burr Living History Farm seeks to restore the site to its late-18th century condition and to use it as a vehicle for heritage education. Activities will include planting, cultivating, and harvesting period crops as well as food preparation and other domestic activities. Work will be performed by persons in period dress using implements of the period. Social, cultural, economic, and political themes will also be presented. Comparisons with nearby plantations will be explored. Program emphasis will focus on youth education through the active participation of volunteers and guests in daily farm activities.
MASTER PLAN for the PETER BURR
LIVING HISTORY FARM CONTENTS •
Preserve and maintain the Peter Burr House and adjacent spring house (the
only two original structures still standing) according to applicable state and
federal standards. The property is roughly a 350'x 1550' rectangle including approximately 9.5 acres.
It is crossed by a storm water management system. The land on the southeast is
adjacent to approximately four acres of public school property of the same The Peter Burr House is the oldest standing wood frame structure in West Virginia.
Dating from 1751, the original portion of the house was built by Peter Burr I, uncle
of Aaron Burr, Jr. Two other sections were added in the 1760's and the early 19th With some effort, the surrounding modem buildings can be screened by tree
plantings and other measures, facilitating the development of an attractive park
area. The railroad track adjacent to the property dates from the mid-19th century The idea of creating a living history farm at the Peter Burr House grew out of the
need to combine archeological, restoration, and interpretative activities at the site
and to gather public support for the efforts. The house required substantial The first goal of the living history project was to draw upon the archeological and
architectural evidence that was available to develop an understanding of how a
typical 1790's farm functioned. Using this information, the Landmarks Commission The Peter Burr Living History Farm officially opened on May 1, 1999. During its first year, it was open on the first Saturday of each month from May to October. Work Performed to Date: •In 1998, the Landmarks Commission contracted to have the stonework on
the chimneys and the spring house restored.
In recent years Jefferson County residents have begun to realize that restoration of
historic sites and development of heritage tourism would be an economic asset of
tremendous value to the area. It could capture a bigger share of the growing The Jefferson County Historic Landmarks Commission owns the approximate 9.5-acre tract that includes the Peter Burr House and spring house and, with the approval of T.A. Lowrey Elementary School, utilizes another approximately 4 acres of adjacent property for interpretation. The 1999 master plan committee indicated a program of development which
provided the basis of the original Master Plan and Report and indicated a suitable
scheme for public educational and recreational use of the Peter Burr Farm, with the Recreational During the last decade, leisure time has greatly increased, and this increase is reflected in the billions of dollars spent today in the United States for travel and recreation. Tourists have been coming to Jefferson County for decades to visit historic Harpers Ferry, go white water rafting, attend the Mountain Heritage Arts and Crafts Festival, and visit the Charles Town Races. In the past, many of those visitors returned home without taking advantage of the other cultural resources in the area. Jefferson County has sought to draw upon this influx of visitors to these major events and to channel visitors into other activities by developing new cultural/historic activities centered in Charles Town, Shepherdstown, and Harpers Ferry, and by promoting historic byways, such as The George Washington Historic Trail. Recreational studies have shown that successful tourist attractions focus on the
individual needs of the visitors. Further studies have demonstrated that heritage
tourism is most successful when visitors can directly experience an historic site in The Peter Burr Living History Farm is developing two major interpretative programs.
The first, designed for visitors who prefer passive recreation, provides a tour of the
Peter Burr Farm, including buildings, crops, and activities, and includes the One of the most important long-term goals in the development of the farm will be
the creation of pathways from Warm Springs Road to the Peter Burr House. Paths
will wind past a small pond; fenced fields containing livestock; crops such as flax, Benches and arbors will be placed along the paths, providing rest stops and signage that explains the surroundings. A horse drawn wagon will convey visitors from the parking area to the house and back who choose not to walk. The driver/interpreter will provide riders with information about the history of the farm and the environment. Seating near the Peter Burr House will be constructed so that the site can be used for outdoor meetings and concerts. Access to the park is one major, long term problem that must be resolved. The current access route is from the cul de sac on the north end of East Burr Blvd. which passes several industrial structures that have been built in the industrial park. Now that development adjacent to the Burr Farm is almost complete complete (July 2005), visitors will be able to travel over paved roads to reach a parking planned area on the west side of the drainage ditch. Although this route will provide easy access to the Burr Farm, it also presents visitors with a stark contrast to the rural 18th century atmosphere that will be central to this living history farms. The easternmost side of the property adjacent to Warm Springs Road has a narrow
entrance. Entry from this direction would avoid travel through the industrial park
and would approximate the approach used by 18th century visitors. Wetlands near Historic Jefferson County, with its rich historical background, is the proper place to give the
American public information about their ancestor's efforts to settle the frontier in
the 18th century, win their independence from England, and struggle to form a new The Peter Burr Living History Farm seeks to identify these groups and
representative individuals so that the dynamic nature of the period can be
experienced. In addition to providing glimpses of Peter Burr and other yeoman
farmers of the day, the farm will also examine the plantations and slave owners
who lived in the same area. Notables such as George Washington, General Charles
Lee, Charles Washington, Ferdinando Fairfax, General Horatio Gates, Adam
Stephen, and Aaron Burr will provide points of reference between events of local
and national importance. Forces that would later become polarized and bring about Visitors, individuals, and groups, will be told the story of Peter Burr's life on this farm (1751 to 1793) at the visitors' center. Walkways, buildings, and interpreters will provide additional pathways to the past. Educational and Scientific The living history farm is conceived as a historically correct site with the flavor and
atmosphere which prevailed during the 1790's. The permanent exhibit will be a
collection of artifacts found during archeological excavation of the site, details from A four-crib log barn has been be built on the site to house livestock and period agricultural implements. This can also serve as a museum and as an indoor meeting place for use in inclement weather. The planted fields, gardens, and special plantings will be another educational
feature of the farm. It will be a place for instruction in native plant material suited
to the soil and climatic conditions of the area. Plants utilized by local farmers will be IV. FACILITIES AND SERVICES The landscaping on the farm will draw the guests' view from the visitors' center and
parking lot to the original 1751 portion of the house in the distance. Trees planted
around the perimeter of the property on the south, west, and north sides, will shield Circulation The main access to the farm is through West Burr Blvd., off WV Route 9, in the
Bardane Industrial Park. Traffic on Route 9 is often heavy, and the intersection is
potentially dangerous, forcing drivers from Burr Blvd. to merge with traffic on a high A secondary utility entrance is needed on the northwest side of the farm using the existing entrance on East Burr Drive through the Burr Industrial Park. Paths from this entrance point on the property to a bridge spanning the storm water management system should be designed to support occasional vehicular and emergency traffic. The traffic circulation system should be designed to provide safe and aesthetically pleasing access to all the points of interest. Pond One of the attractions of the farm will be a pond and adjacent wetlands created within the storm water management area. Water will flow into the pond primarily from the west and exit on the east through a culvert under Warm Springs Road. The pond will include fish as well as domestic and wildfowl and will also serve as a watering place for livestock occupying adjacent fields. Sedimentation and weed growth in the storm water management system are altering the landscape and need to be addressed. V. LANDSCAPE The physical features of the site largely determine the landscape. The railroad tracks on the north side of the property, the storm water management system flowing from west to east, the industrial buildings to the west, the position of the existing house and spring house, and the adjacent low-lying unused land to the south all limit the ways in which the site can be utilized for historic and interpretive purposes. Many of the larger trees on the property (primarily silver maples) have died or been removed to prevent storm damage of historic structures. Several black locusts are located near the house and will be incorporated into the landscape. Several trees of heaven and mulberries are scattered over the property and will be removed. Most of the property is now open land which varies from well drained in the vicinity of the house to seasonal wetlands. As development has progressed, the water table at the Burr Farm has risen to just a few feet below the ground. This situation has led to flooding of the western section of the property in wet weather and to almost permanent flooding of the root cellar next to the house. As long term goals, a main path will lead from the Burr House eastward, passing roughly through the better drained portion of the property, skirting seasonal wetlands, and looping back toward the house, ending at a vehicle pedestrian bridge that spans the storm water management channel and emerges on the well-drained land near the farmhouse. Pasture and plowed fields will be located on either side of the main path, providing fenced areas for corn, wheat, flax, and livestock, the pond, special plantings, and necessary buildings. An unobtrusive utility road will enter the property from the northwest corner. Other paths will branch off from the main one, providing access to the pond and
fields, special plantings, and locations for various activities. Plants and frees native to
the area during the period will be used and will be selected according to their Utilities Basic utilities have been provided to serve the areas open to public use. The future development of these utilities will be in proportion to their use in the several areas of the farm. Potable water requirements are currently served by facilities in the utilities building
as well as by three cold weather faucets located near the barn, the spring house, and
the brick oven. Additional water access for non-drinking uses and fire protection Two restrooms have been constructed on the south side of the utilities building. These facilities must be improved to accommodate handicapped visitors. Roads within the farm will be maintained for occasional service use only. The
entranceway and parking area will be graveled and include barriers to prevent
vehicles from straying from the designated area. The main path will be maintained Storm drainage will be provided by the existing storm water management system, whose channel enters the property on the northwest and exits it on the northeast. Efforts will be made to improve the efficiency of this feature. Electric power is currently available in the barn, the utilities building, the spring house, and adjacent to the brick oven. VI. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Visitors' Center The visitor's center will serve as the information and administration center of the
farm. Areas will be designed to accommodate an office, classroom, restrooms, and
small gift shop and museum. Efforts will be made to transport an existing structure Peter Burr House The ground floor of the house, consisting of four rooms will be restored to the 1790's period, furnished appropriately, and opened to the public. The four upstairs rooms will be restored as time and resources permit and may be utilized as storage or office space for staff if such use does not damage the structure. Spring House The upstairs of the spring house has been electrified and will serve as a break room
for volunteers, housing a microwave, refrigerator, coffeepot, and storage for
volunteers' clothing and personal belongings. The ground floor of this structure now Barn The barn, which would have been one of the earliest buildings on the farm, has been constructed as a 45' x 45' four-crib log structure. The portion above the first story is sheathed in vertical boards and can accommodate storage or (with the addition of an emergency exit) public events. The building has been constructed so that the ground floor could serve as a functional barn. Period doors need to be added to this structure and both levels need to be electrified. Museum facilities Museum facilities will be incorporated into virtually every structure on the farm, with
buildings furnished in period style and implements displayed in various buildings in
their natural context. A small general collection of artifacts will be housed in the Gift Shop A small gift shop will be housed in the visitors' center, providing literature and small souvenir Picnic Area A picnic area, consisting of an open-sided shelter and picnic tables, will be located Entrance Gates Sturdy metal gates will be constructed at the entrances, controlling vehicle access. Areas adjacent to the gates will be landscaped so that vehicles can not drive around the controlled points of entry. VII. MANAGEMENT At present, most of the money expended at the Burr site for restoration, maintenance, and programming is provided by the Landmarks Commission through the annual county budget or through State grants. As development pressures in the county increase, the Landmarks Commission needs to expend its administrative and financial resources on a variety of fronts. Thus the Living History Farm must find additional ways to supplement these resources. In an attempt to meet this need for additional resources, a Friends of Peter Burr has been formed. At present, this is an informal group of volunteers that assists the Landmarks Commission in maintenance, programming, and fund raising. Although the Friends have made a valiant effort to assume some of the responsibilities of managing the site, they currently lack the resources to provide comprehensive, consistent management and to provide significant revenues. Efforts to incorporate the Friends group are now under way and to establish a trust that can provide some revenue. An administrator is needed for the Living History Farm to provide sustained, coherent management of projects and activities, oversee fund raising and public relations, to supervise planning, construction, and grant writing activities, and to serve as a liaison with the Landmarks Commission and the general public. Regardless who may manage the Living History Farm in the future, all parties now involved need to ensure that the site's historical integrity is maintained and that activities performed are in keeping with the mission statement. VIII. SHORT-TERM GOALS • Find an administrator to oversee activities at the site The following long-term goals are listed in order of importance: • Decide on permanent maintenance and visitor access points (east and/or
west). X. SITE MAPS
Figure 2. Proposed Short- and Long-Term Changes:
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